Load management is the process of balancing the electricity supply in the network with the electrical load by regulating or controlling the load rather than the power station output. This can be achieved by direct intervention of the grid in real time, using frequency sensitive relays that trigger circuit breakers (surge control), time clocks or special tariffs to influence consumer behavior. Load management allows utilities to reduce electricity demand during peak usage times (peak shaving), which can reduce costs by eliminating the need for peak power plants. Additionally, some peak power plants can take more than an hour to start up, which This makes load management even more critical, for example, in the event of an unexpected plant downtime. Load management can also help reduce harmful emissions because peak plants or standby generators are often dirtier and less efficient than base load plants. New load management technologies are constantly being developed by both the private sector [1] and public institutions.
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